近年来，基于数据驱动的导航和定位方法吸收了注意力，并且在准确性和效率方面优于其所有竞争对手方法。本文介绍了一种称为IMUNET的新体系结构，该架构是对边缘设备实现的位置估算的准确和有效效率，该估算接收了一系列RAW IMU测量。该体系结构已与最新的CNN网络的一维版本进行了比较，该网络最近介绍了用于Edge设备实现的精确性和效率。此外，已经提出了一种使用IMU传感器和Google Arcore API收集数据集的新方法，并已记录了公开可用的数据集。使用四个不同的数据集以及提出的数据集和实际设备实现的全面评估已经证明了体系结构的性能。 Pytorch和Tensorflow框架以及Android应用程序代码中的所有代码都已共享，以改善进一​​步的研究。

With the development of machine learning and data science, data sharing is very common between companies and research institutes to avoid data scarcity. However, sharing original datasets that contain private information can cause privacy leakage. A reliable solution is to utilize private synthetic datasets which preserve statistical information from original datasets. In this paper, we propose MC-GEN, a privacy-preserving synthetic data generation method under differential privacy guarantee for machine learning classification tasks. MC-GEN applies multi-level clustering and differential private generative model to improve the utility of synthetic data. In the experimental evaluation, we evaluated the effects of parameters and the effectiveness of MC-GEN. The results showed that MC-GEN can achieve significant effectiveness under certain privacy guarantees on multiple classification tasks. Moreover, we compare MC-GEN with three existing methods. The results showed that MC-GEN outperforms other methods in terms of utility.

The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.

Generating realistic motions for digital humans is a core but challenging part of computer animations and games, as human motions are both diverse in content and rich in styles. While the latest deep learning approaches have made significant advancements in this domain, they mostly consider motion synthesis and style manipulation as two separate problems. This is mainly due to the challenge of learning both motion contents that account for the inter-class behaviour and styles that account for the intra-class behaviour effectively in a common representation. To tackle this challenge, we propose a denoising diffusion probabilistic model solution for styled motion synthesis. As diffusion models have a high capacity brought by the injection of stochasticity, we can represent both inter-class motion content and intra-class style behaviour in the same latent. This results in an integrated, end-to-end trained pipeline that facilitates the generation of optimal motion and exploration of content-style coupled latent space. To achieve high-quality results, we design a multi-task architecture of diffusion model that strategically generates aspects of human motions for local guidance. We also design adversarial and physical regulations for global guidance. We demonstrate superior performance with quantitative and qualitative results and validate the effectiveness of our multi-task architecture.

Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) refers to clinician-performed and interpreted ultrasonography at the patient's bedside. Interpreting these images requires a high level of expertise, which may not be available during emergencies. In this paper, we support POCUS by developing classifiers that can aid medical professionals by diagnosing whether or not a patient has pneumothorax. We decomposed the task into multiple steps, using YOLOv4 to extract relevant regions of the video and a 3D sparse coding model to represent video features. Given the difficulty in acquiring positive training videos, we trained a small-data classifier with a maximum of 15 positive and 32 negative examples. To counteract this limitation, we leveraged subject matter expert (SME) knowledge to limit the hypothesis space, thus reducing the cost of data collection. We present results using two lung ultrasound datasets and demonstrate that our model is capable of achieving performance on par with SMEs in pneumothorax identification. We then developed an iOS application that runs our full system in less than 4 seconds on an iPad Pro, and less than 8 seconds on an iPhone 13 Pro, labeling key regions in the lung sonogram to provide interpretable diagnoses.

Objective: We aim to develop an open-source natural language processing (NLP) package, SODA (i.e., SOcial DeterminAnts), with pre-trained transformer models to extract social determinants of health (SDoH) for cancer patients, examine the generalizability of SODA to a new disease domain (i.e., opioid use), and evaluate the extraction rate of SDoH using cancer populations. Methods: We identified SDoH categories and attributes and developed an SDoH corpus using clinical notes from a general cancer cohort. We compared four transformer-based NLP models to extract SDoH, examined the generalizability of NLP models to a cohort of patients prescribed with opioids, and explored customization strategies to improve performance. We applied the best NLP model to extract 19 categories of SDoH from the breast (n=7,971), lung (n=11,804), and colorectal cancer (n=6,240) cohorts. Results and Conclusion: We developed a corpus of 629 cancer patients notes with annotations of 13,193 SDoH concepts/attributes from 19 categories of SDoH. The Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) model achieved the best strict/lenient F1 scores of 0.9216 and 0.9441 for SDoH concept extraction, 0.9617 and 0.9626 for linking attributes to SDoH concepts. Fine-tuning the NLP models using new annotations from opioid use patients improved the strict/lenient F1 scores from 0.8172/0.8502 to 0.8312/0.8679. The extraction rates among 19 categories of SDoH varied greatly, where 10 SDoH could be extracted from >70% of cancer patients, but 9 SDoH had a low extraction rate (<70% of cancer patients). The SODA package with pre-trained transformer models is publicly available at https://github.com/uf-hobiinformatics-lab/SDoH_SODA.

This paper is a technical overview of DeepMind and Google's recent work on reinforcement learning for controlling commercial cooling systems. Building on expertise that began with cooling Google's data centers more efficiently, we recently conducted live experiments on two real-world facilities in partnership with Trane Technologies, a building management system provider. These live experiments had a variety of challenges in areas such as evaluation, learning from offline data, and constraint satisfaction. Our paper describes these challenges in the hope that awareness of them will benefit future applied RL work. We also describe the way we adapted our RL system to deal with these challenges, resulting in energy savings of approximately 9% and 13% respectively at the two live experiment sites.

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.

代理商必须连续监视其伴侣的情感状态，以了解和参与社交互动。但是，评估情感识别的方法不能说明在情感状态之间的阻塞或过渡期间可能发生的分类绩效的变化。本文解决了在婴儿机器人相互作用的背景下影响分类表现的时间模式，在这种情况下，婴儿的情感状态有助于他们参与治疗性腿部运动活动的能力。为了支持视频记录中面部遮挡的鲁棒性，我们训练了婴儿使用面部和身体功能的识别分类器。接下来，我们对表现最佳模型进行了深入的分析，以评估随着模型遇到丢失的数据和不断变化的婴儿影响，性能如何随时间变化。在高度信心提取功能的时间窗口期间，经过训练的面部功能的单峰模型与在面部和身体特征训练的多模式模型相同的最佳性能。但是，在整个数据集上评估时，多模型模型的表现优于单峰模型。此外，在预测情感状态过渡并在对同一情感状态进行多个预测后改善时，模型性能是最弱的。这些发现强调了将身体特征纳入婴儿的连续影响识别的好处。我们的工作强调了随着时间的流逝和在存在丢失的数据的存在时，评估模型性能变异性的重要性。

细菌感染负责全球高死亡率。感染潜在的抗菌素耐药性，多方面的患者的临床状况会阻碍正确选择抗生素治疗。随机临床试验提供了平均治疗效果估计值，但对于治疗选择的风险分层和优化，即个性化治疗效果（ITE）并不理想。在这里，我们利用了从美国南部学术诊所收集的大规模电子健康记录数据，模仿临床试验，即“目标试验”，并为诊断患有急性细菌的患者开发了死亡率预测和ITE估计的机器学习模型皮肤和皮肤结构感染（ABSSI）是由于金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）引起的。 ABSSI-MRSA是一个充满挑战的疾病，治疗选择减少 - 万古霉素是首选的选择，但它具有不可忽略的副作用。首先，我们使用倾向评分匹配来模仿试验并创建随机治疗（万古霉素与其他抗生素）数据集。接下来，我们使用此数据来训练各种机器学习方法（包括增强/Lasso Logistic回归，支持向量机和随机森林），并通过引导验证选择接收器特征（AUC）下的面积最佳模型。最后，我们使用这些模型来计算ITE并通过改变治疗的变化来避免死亡。排出外测试表明，SVM和RF是最准确的，AUC分别为81％和78％，但BLR/Lasso不远（76％）。通过使用BLR/Lasso计算反事实，万古霉素增加了死亡的风险，但显示出很大的变化（优势比1.2，95％范围0.4-3.8），对结果概率的贡献是适度的。取而代之的是，RF在ITE中表现出更大的变化，表明更复杂的治疗异质性。